Which examples below are classified as Engineering Controls?

Engineering controls are physical changes to the workplace that eliminate or reduce hazards, thereby protecting workers without relying on behavior changes. In the context of traffic control in work zones, engineering controls refer to various measures that are designed to manage traffic flow and enhance safety for both workers and drivers.

Lanes and shoulder closures are considered engineering controls because they physically alter the road configuration. By closing specific lanes or shoulders, they redirect traffic away from the work area, reducing the risk of accidents and improving safety for workers. This direct modification of the traffic flow is a fundamental aspect of engineering controls, as they are designed to create a safer environment by managing how vehicles interact with a work zone.

On the other hand, flags, cones, and signs serve as administratively and education-based controls. They do not physically change the environment but instead rely on the communication effect they have on drivers and workers to influence behavior and increase awareness of the work zone. While these tools are essential for warning and guiding traffic, they do not constitute engineering controls as they do not create a physical barrier or alteration to the road setting.